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Extraction and characterisation of cellulose nanocrystals from pineapple peel

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Extraction and characterisation of cellulose nanocrystals from pineapple peel

Ana Madureira ,
Ana Madureira
Contact Ana Madureira

Centro de Biotecnologia e Quımica Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat´olica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida Portugal

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Tugba Atatoprak ,
Tugba Atatoprak

Centro de Biotecnologia e Quımica Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat´olica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida Portugal

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Duygu Cabuk ,
Duygu Cabuk

Centro de Biotecnologia e Quımica Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat´olica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida Portugal

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Flavia Sousa ,
Flavia Sousa

CICS - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences-North, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra , Gandra , Portugal

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Manuela Pintado ,
Manuela Pintado

Centro de Biotecnologia e Quımica Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat´olica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida Portugal

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Robert C. Pullar
Robert C. Pullar

Dept. Engenharia de Materiais e Ceramica / CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal

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Published: 18.04.2018.

Volume 7, Issue 1 (2018)

pp. 24-33;

https://doi.org/10.7455/ijfs/7.1.2018.a3

Abstract

The potential of pineapple peel as a source of cellulose nanocrystals was evaluated. Peels skin from fresh-cut fruit was used as raw material. These residues were purified to remove pigments, lipids and hemicellulose, and a bleaching process for delignification was carried out for 4-6 h. All resulting products were characterised for their lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and ash contents using standard techniques. Dry matter at the end was low (ca. 50%) compared with the raw material (ca. 90%). The process applied resulted in ca. 20% (m/m) of purified cellulose (ca. 80% purity), with ineligible levels of lignin and hemicellulose present, especially when using 6h of bleaching. The purified cellulose was subject to acid hydrolysis for nanocrystal extraction with two testing times, 30 and 60 minutes. These cellulose nanocrystals had small sizes (< 1000 nm), with high variability and negative zeta potential values. The time of extraction did not affect the nanocrystals’ chemical and physical properties. The use of 6 h of bleaching treatment during purification was shown to be more effective than 4 h. Pineapple peel was demonstrated to be a good source of cellulose for the production of cellulose nanocrystals. 

Keywords

Cellulose,

CNC,

Pineapple peels

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