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Irfan Afzal, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, Shahbaz Ahmed, Abdelaziz Hirich, Didier Bazile
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Challenges and Perspectives for Integrating Quinoa into the Agri-Food System
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Enhancement of oleanolic acid concentration through acid hydrolysis of saponin-rich extracts from Chenopodium berlandieri
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S. M. Demarchi, R. M. Torrez Irigoyen
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Fluidized-Bed Drying-Roasting Process for Developing a Whole Quinoa Snack
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10.1007/s11130-025-01442-4
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An Insight into Saponins from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): A Review
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Effect of Germination Time on the Content of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Wild. Seeds Cultivated in Eastern Morocco
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Assel Dautova, Kumarbek Amirkhanov, Sholpan Baytukenova, Gulnur Nurymkhan, Zhanna Assirzhanova, Zhibek Atambayeva, Saule Baytukenova, Rysgul Ashakayeva, Aray Kambarova
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Influence of Processing Techniques on the Saponin Content and Nutritional Quality of Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>)
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AIMS Agriculture and Food, 10(2)
10.3934/agrfood.2025017Extraction kinetics of saponins from quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, National University of La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
Facultad de Ingenier´ıa, National University of La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, National University of La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
Facultad de Ingenier´ıa, National University of La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
Comisi´on de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
Abstract
Quinoa has higher protein content (11-16% m/m) and better amino acid profile than cereals and represents a valuable resource for healthy nutrition. The aim of this work was to study the saponins extraction kinetics during washing of soaked quinoa. The experimental curves of saponins content as a function of time was measured at water temperatures of 20, 40, 60, and 70ºC. A spectrophotometric method was proposed to determine total saponins content, while an unsteady state diffusional model was applied to this extraction problem, assuming strict internal control to the mass transfer rate. As a first analysis, the complete analytical solution for constant diffusion coefficient (Deff) using the initial radius (R0) provided an accurate predicted curve at each temperature. The diffusion coefficients (around 10−10 m2s-1), were correlated with temperature using an Arrhenius-type relationship to obtain an activation energy Ea of 16.9 kJ mol-1. The preliminary values of Ea and preexponential factor (D0) thus obtained were used as initial values of a second, more robust fitting where the whole dataset of saponins concentrations as a function of time for all temperatures. The Arrhenius equation was directly inserted into the diffusional solution. The following parameters were obtained: Ea= 17.2 kJ mol-1 and, D0= 3.232×107 m2 s-1, respectively with an overall r2=0.985. Saponins content agreed well with experimental values. As the equation is capable of predicting saponin extraction times for various operating conditions, it can be used within equipment design schemes.
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