In this study, sorghum Feterita malt extract was used to prepare carbonated beverages flavored with traditional Hulu-mur spices extract. The beverages produced were assessed for their physicochemical,sensory, and nutritional qualities. Malting (3–5 days) of the Feterita grains showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in proximate composition from that of unmalted grains. Protein and sugars increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased the malting time (days), while there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in oil and starch content during malting progress. The kilning temperature of 150 °C for 20 minutes was found to produce the most acceptable Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue in terms of flavor and taste. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in physicochemical and nutritional qualities between the Hulu-mur analogue carbonated beverage and commercial non-alcoholic beverage. The Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue was rich in Na, K, Ca, and Fe (26.45, 21.84, 24.00, and 0.57 mg /100 g, respectively) compared to levels of the same minerals in the non-alcoholic beverage (22.31, 8.19, 22.00 and 0.15 mg/100 g, respectively). The Hulu-mur analogue also had a higher calorific value (35.85 kcal /100 mL) compared to the non-alcoholic beverage (32.96 kcal/100 mL).
Agab M. Fermented food products “Hulu Mur” drink made from Sorghum bicolor. Food Microbiology. 1985;(2):147–55.
2.
Agu R, Palmer G. A reassessment of sorghum for lager-beer brewing. Bioresource Technology. 1998;(3):253–61.
3.
Aoac. Association of the Official Analytical Chemists Association of official Agricultural Chemists. 2000;(14).
4.
Aoac. Association of the Official Analytical Chemists. 2003;(17).
5.
Askar A, Treptow H. Quality assurance in tropical fruit processing. 1993;
6.
Belton P, Taylor J. Sorghum and millets: protein sources for Africa. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2004;(2):94–8.
7.
Chapman H, Pratt P. Methods of analysis of soil, plant and water, 2nd edition. 1982;
8.
Chaudhary N, Vyas S. Effect of germination on proximate composition and anti nutritional factor of millet (ragi) based pre-mixes. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences. 2014;(4):72–7.
9.
Coghe S, Martens E, D’hollander H, Dirinck P, Delvaux F. Sensory and instrumental flavour analysis of wort brewed with dark specialty malts. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 2004;(2):94–103.
10.
Coghe S, D’hollander H, Verachtert H, Delvaux F. Impact of dark specialty malts on extract composition and wort fermentation. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 2005;(1):51–60.
11.
Dirar H. The indigenous fermented foods of the Sudan: a study in African food and nutrition. 1993;
12.
Dwidar M, Lee S, Mitchell R. 11th International Conference on Clean Energy (ICCE). Applied Energy. 2012;47–51.
13.
Elbaloula M, Yang R, Guo Q, Gu Z. Major nutrient compositions and functional properties of sorghum flour at 0-3 days of grain germination. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2014;(1):48–52.
14.
Elkhalifa A, Bernhardt R. Some physicochemical properties of flour from germinated sorghum grain. Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore. 2013;(1):186–90.
15.
Elmaki H, Babiker E, El Tinay A. Changes in chemical composition, grain malting, starch and tannin contents and protein digestibility during germination of sorghum cultivars. Food Chemistry. 1999;(3):118–24.
16.
El-Faki A, Eisa E. Physicochemical characteristics of some soft drinks of sudan during shelf life. Journal of Science and Technology. 2010;(2):57–62.
17.
El-Faki A, Eisa E. Evaluation of hazard analysis and critical control points (haccp) implementation in the soft drinks IJFS October. Gezira Journal of Engineering and Applied Sci. 2008;(2):120–30.
18.
Hassan A, Ahmed I, Osman N, Eltayeb M, Osman G, Babiker E. Effect of processing treatments followed by fermentation on protein content and digestibility of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum) cultivars. Pakistan. J Nutr. 2006;(1):86–9.
19.
Hosseini E, Kadivar M, Shahedi M. Physicochemical Properties and Storability of Non-alcoholic Malt Drinks Prepared from Oat and Barley Malts. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2012;(1):173–82.
20.
Ibnouf F. The value of women’s indigenous knowledge in food processing and preservation for achieving household food security in rural Sudan. Journal of Food Research. 2012;(1):1–238.
21.
Imna. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acid, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. 2002;(1).
22.
Jairath S, Sahota P, Pandove G. Preparation of Non-Alcoholic Naturally Carbonated Beverage Using Yeast Isolate from Whey Beverage. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 2012;(2):135–43.
23.
Kim K, Kim M, Kang Y, Lee Y. Effects of malting conditions on quality characteristics of malt and roasted malt extract. Cereal Chemistry. 1993;(4):440–2.
24.
Lasekan O, Lasekan W, Idowu M. Flavour volatiles of “malt beverage” from roasted sorghum. Food Chemistry. 1997;(4):202–6.
25.
Malik V, Schulze M, Hu F. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;(2):274–88.
26.
Mead B, Curnow R. Statistical methods in agricultural experimental biology, 1st edition. 1983;
27.
El-Mubarak A, Abdalgadir M, Nd Abdalmagid M, Mohamed A. Food Industry Sector, Annual report, Ministry of Industry. 2005;
28.
Mustafa G. Preparation of carbonated beverage from locally grown tamarind fruit (Aradaib) (Master’s thesis. 2007;
29.
Nour A, Ahmed I, Babiker E, Yagoub A. Investigations on winter season Sudanese sorghum cultivars: effect of sprouting on the nutritional value. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2010;(5):884–90.
30.
Obuzor G, Ajaezi N. Nutritional content of popular malt drinks produced in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science. 2010;(9):585–90.
31.
Okoli E, Okolo B, Moneke A, Ire F. Effects of cultivar and germination time on amylolytic potential, extract yield and wort fermenting properties of malting sorghum. Asian Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;(1):14–26.
32.
Phiarais B, Wijngaard H, Arendt E. The impact of kilning on enzymatic activity of buckwheat malt. 2005;(3):290–8.
33.
Ranganna S. Handbook of analysis and quality control of fruits and vegetable products. 2001;32–150.
34.
Sokrab A, Ahmed M, Babiker I, E. Effect of malting and fermentation on antinutrients, and total and extractable minerals of high and low phytate corn genotypes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2012;(5):1037–43.
35.
Steen D. Chemistry and technology of soft drinks and fruit. 2007;150–81.
36.
Traore T, Mouquet C, Icard-Verniere C, Traore A, Treche S. Changes in nutrient composition, phytate and cyanide contents and alpha-amylase activity during cereal malting in small production units in Ouagadougou. Food Chemistry. 2004;(1):105–14.
37.
Ulaiwan U. Beer production from Thai rice (Doctoral dissertation, Suranaree University of Technology. 2008;
38.
Yahya H, Linforth R, Cook D. Flavour generation during commercial barley and malt roasting operations: A time course study. Food Chemistry. 2014;378–87.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.