Olive mill wastes are signicant environmental problem especially in Mediterranean areas where they are generated in huge quantities in a short period of time. They are phytotoxic materials because of their high phenol, lipid and organic acid concentrations, but these wastes also contain valuable resources that could be recycled such as a large proportion of organic matter and a wide range of nutrients. The effluent from olive oil mills contains a large amount of polyphenols that have antioxidant properties. The market value of these antioxidants is high and they are commonly used in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutics and chemical industries. For the management of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and other olive residues, various treatment methods can be used. Many scientists work on more efficient and cheaper treatment alternatives. Due to the great variety of compounds in the waste, several technologies to remove the harmful compounds for the environment should be used single or together. Some of the most used OMW treatments are drying / evaporation, forced evaporation, thermal treatment, centrifugation-ultraltration, electrocoagulation, composting, lagooning, adsorption, powdered activated carbon, filtration, sand filtration, membrane filtration, ultrafiltration, precipitation / flocculation, distillation, electrolysis, co-composting, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation, hydrogen peroxide / ferrous iron oxidation (the so-called Fentons reagent). Several OMW treatment technologies have been developed aiming at the removal of the main toxic organic compounds. A lot of factors must be considered to choose the treatment methods among them the investment, required area, specic training of the workers, noise and odour emissions and seasonality of production.
Adhoum N, Monser L. Decolourization and removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater by electrocoagulation. Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2004. p. 1281–7.
2.
Aktas E, Imre S, Ersoy L. Characterization and lime treatment of olive mill wastewater. Water Research. 2001. p. 2336–40.
3.
Anastasiou C, Christou P, Michael A, Nicolaides D, Lambrou T. Approaches to olive mill wastewater treatment and disposal in cyprus. Environmental Research Journal. 2011. p. 49–58.
4.
Azbar N, Bayram A, Filibeli A, Muezzinoglu A, Sengul F, Ozer A. A review of waste management options in olive oil production. Critical Reviews In Environmental Science and Technology. 2004. p. 209–47.
5.
Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry. 2006. p. 191–203.
6.
Bertin L, Colao M, Ruzzi M, Marchetti L, Fava F. Performances and microbial features of an aerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor developed to post-treat an olive mill effluent from an anaerobic gac reactor. Microbial Cell Factories. 2006. p. 16.
7.
Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Cheikh R, Hamdi M. Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Process Biochemistry. 2005. p. 989–95.
8.
Coşkun T. Fonksiyonel besinlerin saglgmz uzerine etkileri. C ¸ocuk Saglg ve Hastalklar Dergisi. 2005. p. 69–84.
9.
Dalis D, Anagnostidis K, Lopez A, Letsiou I, Hartmann L, Annibale A, et al. Anaerobic digestion of total raw oliveoil wastewater in a two-stage pilot-plant (up-flow and fixed-bed bioreactors). Journal of Biotechnology. 1996. p. 265–73.
10.
Erbas M, Gul S, Sekerci H. Turkiye 10. Gida Kongresi. 2008.
11.
Fki I, Allouche N, Sayadi S. The use of polyphenolic extract, purified hydroxytyrosol and 3,4dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid from olive mill wastewater for the stabilization of refined oils: a potential alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Food Chemistry. 2005. p. 197–204.
12.
Gök V, Kayacier A, Telli R. Hayvansal ve mikrobiyal kaynakl dogal antioksidanlar. Gda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi. 2006. p. 35–40.
13.
Hachicha R, Hachicha S, Trabelsi I, Woodward S, Mechichi T. Evolution of the fatty fraction during cocomposting of olive oil industry wastes with animal manure: maturity assessment of the end product. Chemosphere. 2009. p. 1382–6.
14.
Hachicha S, Sellami F, Cegarra J, Hachicha R, Drira N, Medhioub K, et al. Biological activity during co-composting of sludge issued from the omw evaporation ponds with poultry manure-physico-chemical characterization of the processed organic matter. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009. p. 402–9.
15.
Hachicha S, Cegarra J, Sellami F, Hachicha R, Drira N, Medhioub K, et al. Elimination of polyphenols toxicity from olive mill wastewater sludge by its co-composting with sesame bark. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009. p. 1131–9.
16.
Hamdi M, Garcia J, Ellouz R. Integrated biological process for olive mill waste-water treatment. Bioprocess Engineering. 1992. p. 79–84.
17.
Hanafi F, Assobhei O, Mountadar M. Detoxification and discoloration of moroccan olive mill wastewater by electrocoagulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010. p. 807–12.
18.
Inan H, Dimoglo A, Simsek H, Karpuzcu A. Olive oil mill wastewater treatment by means of electro-coagulation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2004. p. 23–31.
19.
Israilides C, Vlyssides A, Mourafeti V, Karvouni G. Olive oil wastewater treatment with the use of an electrolysis system. Bioresource Technology. 1997. p. 163–70.
20.
Lafi W, Shannak B, Al-Shannag M, Al-Anber Z, Al-Hasan M. Treatment of olive mill wastewater by combined advanced oxidation and biodegradation. Separation and Purification. Technology. 2009. p. 141–6.
21.
Mantzavinos D, Kalogerakis N. Treatment of olive mill effluents part i. organic matter degradation by chemical and biological processesan overview. Environment International. 2005. p. 289–95.
22.
Mcnamara C, Anastasiou C, O’flaherty V, Mitchell R. Bioremediation of olive mill wastewater. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2008. p. 127–34.
23.
Morillo J, Antizar-Ladislao B, Monteoliva-Sanchez M, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Russell N, Mulinacci N, et al. Polyphenolic content in olive oil waste waters and related olive samples. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2009. p. 3509–14.
24.
Panizza M, Cerisola G. Olive mill wastewater treatment by anodic oxidation with parallel plate electrodes. Water Research. 2006. p. 1179–84.
25.
Paraskeva P, Diamadopoulos E. Technologies for olive mill wastewater (omw) treatment: a review. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 2006. p. 1475–85.
26.
Roig A, Cayuela M, Sanchez-Monedero M. An overview on olive mill wastes and their valorisation methods. Waste Management. 2006. p. 960–9.
27.
Sayadi S, Ellouz R. Roles of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium in the decolorization of olive mill wastewaters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1995. p. 1098–103.
28.
Tsagaraki E, Lazarides H, Petrotos K. Uti-lization of by-products and treatment of waste in the food industry. Springer Sci-ence+Business Media; 2007.
29.
Tsagaraki E, Lazarides H. Fouling analysis and performance of tubular ultrafiltration on pretreated olive mill waste water. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2012. p. 584–92.
30.
Turano E, Curcio S, De Paola M, Calabro V, Iorio G. An integrated centrifugation-ultrafiltration system in the treatment of olive mill wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science. 2002. p. 519–31.
31.
Yesilada O, Sik S, Sam M. Eliminating toxic compounds by composting olive mill wastewater-straw mixtures. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 1999. p. 433–7.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
